Santa Fe Area General and Cosmetic Dentistry

Services

Below are some of the many procedures and services we regularly provide to our patients.

Our Services

We have the skills and knowledge necessary to be able to perform dental procedures quickly to give you a picture perfect smile. Our gentle dental services are all performed in our comfortable office, aimed to increase your confidence in your smile.

We offer comprehensive dental treatments from routine cavity fillings to same-day emergency appointments. We pride ourselves on our reasonable prices, and most insurance plans are accepted by our office.

Click a link on the left to read more about one of our services.

Zoom Laser Bleaching

Teeth Whitening
Zoom Laser Bleaching

Do you wish your pearly whites were a little whiter? We can help! Our team of experienced, professional dentists and hygienists are here to meet all your dental needs.

Your smile is important. It’s one of the first things you notice when you meet someone. A whiter, brighter smile is beautiful – it can help you feel better about yourself and make a memorable impression.

Your lifestyle and the aging process can stain and darken your teeth. Many things we do on a regular basis can contribute to stained teeth, such as drinking coffee, tea, cola and red wine or smoking.

Whitening can get your smile looking its best. Non-professional procedures and clinically unproven teeth whitening tips can often lead to unsatisfactory results, you should look for a whitening procedure that is:

  • Fast and convenient
  • Long lasting
  • Low sensitivity
  • Proven to be safe and effective
  • Performed by a Dental Professional

Teeth Whitening

Enhance your smile

Tooth whitening (or bleaching) is a simple, non-invasive dental treatment used to change the color of natural tooth enamel and is an ideal way to enhance the beauty of your smile.

Because having whiter teeth has now become the number one aesthetic concern of most patients, there are a number of ways to whiten teeth. The most popular method is using a home tooth whitening system that will whiten teeth dramatically. Since tooth whitening only works on natural tooth enamel, it is important to evaluate replacement of any old fillings, crowns, etc. Replacement of any restorations will be done after bleaching so they will match the newly bleached teeth.

Tooth whitening is not permanent. A touch-up maybe needed every several years, and more often if you smoke, drink coffee, tea, or wine.

Reasons for tooth whitening:

  • Fluorosis (excessive fluoridation during tooth development).
  • Normal wear of outer tooth layer.
  • Stained teeth due to medications (tetracycline, etc.).
  • Yellow, brown stained teeth.

What does tooth whitening involve?

This type of tooth whitening usually requires two visits. At the first appointment, impressions (molds) will be made of your teeth to fabricate custom, clear plastic, trays.

At your second appointment, you will try on the trays for proper fit, and adjustments will be made if necessary. The trays are worn with special whitening solution either twice a day for 30 minutes or overnight for a couple of weeks depending on the degree of staining and desired level of whitening. It is normal to experience tooth sensitivity during the time you are whitening your teeth, but it will subside shortly after you have stopped bleaching.

You will receive care instructions for your teeth and trays, and be encouraged to visit your dentist regularly to help maintain a beautiful, healthy, white smile.

Porcelain Veneers

Create a beautiful smile

Veneers are very thin pieces of durable, tooth shaped porcelain that are custom made (for shape and color) by a professional dental laboratory. They are bonded onto the front of teeth to create a beautiful and attractive smile.

Veneers can completely reshape your teeth and smile. They can often be alternatives to crowns and the ideal solution in treating many dental conditions.

As with most dental restorations, veneers are not permanent and may someday need replacement. They are very durable and will last many years, giving you a beautiful long lasting smile.

Reasons for porcelain veneers:

  • Cosmetically, to create a uniform, white, beautiful smile.
  • Crooked teeth.
  • Misshapen teeth.
  • Severely discolored or stained teeth.
  • Teeth that are too small or large.
  • Unwanted or uneven spaces.
  • Worn or chipped teeth.

What does getting porcelain veneers involve?

Getting veneers usually requires two visits to complete the process, with little or no anesthesia required during the procedure. The teeth are prepared by lightly buffing and shaping the surface to allow for the thickness of the veneer. A mold or impression of the teeth is taken and a shade (color) will then be chosen by you and the dentist.

On the second visit the teeth will be cleansed with special liquids to achieve a durable bond. Bonding cement is then placed between the tooth and veneer and a special light beam is used to harden and set the bond.

You will receive care instructions for veneers. Proper brushing, flossing and regular dental visits will aid in the life of your new veneers.

Porcelain Onlays

Dental restoration

An onlay restoration is a custom made filling made of composite material, gold, or tooth-colored porcelain. Porcelain onlays are popular because they resemble your natural tooth. An onlay is sometimes also referred to as a partial crown. Porcelain onlays are made by a professional dental laboratory and is permanently cemented onto the tooth by your dentist.

Onlays can be utilized to conservatively repair teeth that have large defective fillings or have been damaged by decay or trauma. Onlays are an ideal alternative to crowns (caps) because less tooth structure is removed in the preparation of onlays. Onlays are essentially identical to inlays with the exception that one or more of the chewing cusps have also been affected and need to be included in the restoration.

As with most dental restorations, onlays are not always permanent and may someday require replacement. They are highly durable and will last many years, giving you a beautiful long lasting smile.

Reasons for onlay restorations:

  • Broken or fractured teeth.
  • Cosmetic enhancement.
  • Decayed teeth.
  • Fractured fillings.
  • Large fillings.

What does getting an onlay involve?

An onlay procedure usually requires two appointments. Your first appointment will include taking several highly accurate impressions (molds) that will be used to create your custom onlay and a temporary restoration.

While the tooth is numb, the dentist will remove any decay and/or old filling materials. The space will then be thoroughly cleaned and carefully prepared, shaping the surface to properly fit an onlay restoration. A temporary filling will be applied to protect the tooth while your onlay is made by a dental laboratory.

At your second appointment, your new onlay will be carefully and precisely cemented into place. A few adjustments may be necessary to ensure a proper fit and that your bite is comfortable.

You will receive care instruction at the conclusion of your treatment. Good oral hygiene practices, a proper diet, and regular dental visits will aid in the life of your new onlay.

Porcelain Inlays

Repair damaged teeth

An inlay restoration is a custom made filling made of composite material, gold, or tooth-colored porcelain. Porcelain inlays are popular because they resemble your natural tooth. A porcelain inlay is made by a professional dental laboratory and is permanently cemented into the tooth by your dentist.

Inlays can be utilized to conservatively repair teeth that have large defective fillings or have been damaged by decay or trauma. Inlays are an ideal alternative to conventional silver and composite fillings. Also, they are more conservative than crowns because less tooth structure is removed in the preparation of inlays.

As with most dental restorations, inlays are not always permanent and may someday require replacement. They are highly durable and will last many years, giving you a beautiful long lasting smile.

Reasons for inlay restorations:

  • Broken or fractured teeth.
  • Cosmetic enhancement.
  • Decayed teeth.
  • Fractured fillings.
  • Large fillings.
  • What does getting an inlay involve?

An inlay procedure usually requires two appointments. Your first appointment will include taking several highly accurate impressions (molds) that will be used to create your custom inlay and a temporary restoration.

While the tooth is numb, the dentist will remove any decay and/or old filling materials. The space will then be thoroughly cleaned and carefully prepared, shaping the surface to properly fit an inlay restoration. A temporary filling will be applied to protect the tooth while your inlay is made by a dental laboratory.

At your second appointment your new inlay will be carefully and precisely cemented into place. A few adjustments may be necessary to ensure a proper fit and that your bite is comfortable.

You will receive care instruction at the conclusion of your treatment. Good oral hygiene practices, a proper diet, and regular dental visits will aid in the life of your new inlay.

Porcelain Crowns

Tooth Restoration

A crown (or cap) is a covering that encases the entire tooth surface restoring it to its original shape and size. A crown protects and strengthens tooth structure that cannot be restored with fillings or other types of restorations.

Although there are several types of crowns, porcelain (tooth colored crown) are the most popular, because they resemble your natural teeth. They are highly durable and will last many years, but like most dental restorations, they may eventually need to be replaced. Porcelain crowns are made to match the shape, size, and color or your teeth giving you a natural, long-lasting beautiful smile.

Reasons for crowns:

  • Broken or fractured teeth.
  • Cosmetic enhancement.
  • Decayed teeth.
  • Fractured fillings.
  • Large fillings.
  • Tooth has a root canal.

What does getting a crown involve?

A crown procedure usually requires two appointments. Your first appointment will include taking several highly accurate molds (or impressions) that will be used to create your custom crown. A mold will also be used to create a temporary crown which will stay on your tooth for approximately two weeks until your new crown is fabricated by a dental laboratory.

While the tooth is numb, the dentist will prepare the tooth by removing any decay and shaping the surface to properly fit the crown. Once these details are accomplished, your temporary crown will be placed with temporary cement and your bite will be checked to ensure you are biting properly.

At your second appointment your temporary crown will be removed, the tooth will be cleaned, and your new crown will be carefully placed to ensure the spacing and bite are accurate.

You will be given care instructions and encouraged to have regular dental visits to check your new crown.

Porcelain Bridges

Replace missing teeth

A dental bridge is a fixed (non-removable) appliance and is an excellent way to replace missing teeth.

There are several types of bridges. You and your dentist will discuss the best options for your particular case. The “traditional bridge” is the most popular type and is usually made of porcelain fused to metal. Porcelain fixed bridges are most popular because they resemble your natural teeth. This type of bridge consists to two crowns that go over two anchoring teeth (abutment teeth) and are attached to pontics (artificial teeth), filling the gap created by one or more missing teeth.

Dental bridges are highly durable and will last many years, however they may need replacement or need to be re-cemented due to normal wear.

Reasons for a fixed bridge:

  • Fill space of missing teeth.
  • Maintain facial shape.
  • Prevent remaining teeth from drifting out of position.
  • Restore chewing and speaking ability.
  • Restore your smile.
  • Upgrade from a removable partial denture to a permanent dental appliance.

What does getting a fixed bridge involve?

Getting a bridge usually requires two or more visits. While the teeth are numb, the two anchoring teeth are prepared by removing a portion of enamel to allow for a crown. Next, a highly accurate impression (mold) is made which will be sent to a dental laboratory where the bridge will be fabricated. In addition, a temporary bridge will be made and worn for several weeks until your next appointment.

At the second visit, you permanent bridge will be carefully checked, adjusted, and cemented to achieve a proper fit. Occasionally your dentist may only temporarily cement the bridge, allowing your teeth and tissue time to get used to the new bridge. The new bridge will be permanently cemented at a later time.

You will receive care instructions at the conclusion of your treatment. Proper brushing, flossing and regular dental visits will aid in the life of your new permanent bridge.

Implants

Replace missing teeth

Dental implants are a great way to replace missing teeth and also provide a fixed solution to having removable partial or complete dentures. Implants provide excellent support and stability for these dental appliances.

Dental implants are artificial roots and teeth (usually titanium) that are surgically placed into the upper or lower jaw bone by a dentist or Periodontist – a specialist of the gums and supporting bone. The teeth attached to implants are very natural looking and often enhance or restore a patient’s smile!

Dental implants are very strong, stable, and durable and will last many years, but on occasion, they will have to be re-tightened or replaced due to normal wear.

Reasons for dental implants:

  • Replace one or more missing teeth without affecting adjacent teeth.
  • Resolve joint pain or bite problems caused by teeth shifting into missing tooth space.
  • Restore a patient’s confident smile.
  • Restore chewing, speech, and digestion.
  • Restore or enhance facial tissues.
  • Support a bridge or denture, making them more secure and comfortable.
  • What does getting dental implants involve?

The process of getting implants requires a number of visits over several months.

X-rays and impressions (molds) are taken of the jaw and teeth to determine bone, gum tissue, and spacing available for an implant. While the area is numb, the implant will be surgically placed into the bone and allowed to heal and integrate itself onto the bone for up to six months. Depending on the type of implant, a second surgery may be required in order to place the “post” that will hold the artificial tooth in place. With other implants the post and anchor are already attached and placed at the same time.

After several weeks of healing the artificial teeth are made and fitted to the post portion of the anchor. Because several fittings may be required, this step may take one to two months to complete. After a healing period, the artificial teeth are securely attached to the implant, providing excellent stability and comfort to the patient.

You will receive care instructions when your treatment is completed. Good oral hygiene, eating habits, and regular dental visits will aid in the life of your new implant.

Dentures & Partial Dentures

Replacement for missing teeth
Dentures & Partial Dentures

A denture is a removable dental appliance replacement for missing teeth and surrounding tissue. They are made to closely resemble your natural teeth and may even enhance your smile.

There are two types of dentures – complete and partial dentures. Complete dentures are used when all of the teeth are missing, while partial dentures are used when some natural teeth remain. A Partial denture not only fills in the spaces created by missing teeth, it prevents other teeth from shifting.

A Complete denture may be either “conventional” or “immediate.” A conventional type is made after the teeth have been removed and the gum tissue has healed, usually taking 4 to 6 weeks. During this time the patient will go without teeth. Immediate dentures are made in advance and immediately placed after the teeth are removed, thus preventing the patient from having to be without teeth during the healing process. Once the tissues shrink and heal, adjustments will have to be made.

Dentures are very durable appliances and will last many years, but may have to be remade, repaired, or readjusted due to normal wear.

Reasons for dentures:

  • Complete Denture – Loss of all teeth in an arch.
  • Partial Denture – Loss of several teeth in an arch.
  • Enhancing smile and facial tissues.
  • Improving chewing, speech, and digestion.

What does getting dentures involve?

The process of getting dentures requires several appointments, usually over several weeks. Highly accurate impressions (molds) and measurements are taken and used to create your custom denture. Several “try-in” appointments may be necessary to ensure proper shape, color, and fit. At the final appointment, your dentist will precisely adjust and place the completed denture, ensuring a natural and comfortable fit.

It is normal to experience increased saliva flow, some soreness, and possible speech and chewing difficulty, however this will subside as your muscles and tissues get used to the new dentures.

You will be given care instructions for your new dentures. Proper cleaning of your new dental appliance, good oral hygiene, and regular dental visits will aid in the life of your new dentures.

Composite Fillings

The better alternative
Composite Fillings

A composite (tooth colored) filling is used to repair a tooth that is affected by decay, cracks, fractures, etc. The decayed or affected portion of the tooth will be removed and then filled with a composite filling.

There are many types of filling materials available, each with their own advantages and disadvantages. You and your dentist can discuss the best options for restoring your teeth. Composite fillings, along with silver amalgam fillings, are the most widely used today. Because composite fillings are tooth colored, they can be closely matched to the color of existing teeth, and are more aesthetically suited for use in front teeth or the more visible areas of the teeth.

As with most dental restorations, composite fillings are not permanent and may someday have to be replaced. They are very durable, and will last many years, giving you a long lasting, beautiful smile.

Reasons for composite fillings:

  • Chipped teeth.
  • Closing space between two teeth.
  • Cracked or broken teeth.
  • Decayed teeth.
  • Worn teeth.

How are composite fillings placed?

Composite fillings are usually placed in one appointment. While the tooth is numb, your dentist will remove decay as necessary. The space will then be thoroughly cleaned and carefully prepared before the new filling is placed. If the decay was near the nerve of the tooth, a special medication will be applied for added protection. The composite filling will then be precisely placed, shaped, and polished, restoring your tooth to its original shape and function.
It is normal to experience sensitivity to hot and cold when composite fillings are first placed, however this will subside shortly after your tooth acclimates to the new filling.

You will be given care instructions at the conclusion of your treatment. Good oral hygiene practices, eating habits, and regular dental visits will aid in the life of your new fillings.

CEREC

Tooth Restoration
CEREC

CEREC is the leading system that utilizes CAD/CAM technology to create one-visit tooth restorations. With CEREC, Dr. Martin can precisely design, fabricate and apply beautiful and natural-looking crowns, fillings, inlays, onlays and veneers.

Durable ceramic CEREC restorations are strong enough to withstand the powerful chewing required of the rear molars. The CEREC restoration material is comparable to natural tooth enamel. This is important. If the material was significantly harder or more abrasive, it could damage the opposing tooth. CEREC crowns, partial crowns, onlays, inlays and veneers are permanently bonded to the tooth. Because they expand and contract with temperature extremes like natural teeth, the possibility of fracture due to contact with a hot or cold food or drink is very slim.

Dr. Martin’s CEREC patients benefit in several ways:

  • Aesthetically-pleasing CEREC restorations blend perfectly with your tooth color.
  • The work is completed in a single visit, so there is no need for a temporary crown.
  • The “impression” is done by a powerful 3D computer–no messy goo-filled trays in your mouth!
  • CEREC restorations allow you to keep more of your natural tooth.
  • CEREC will last as long as traditional lab-manufactured restorations.

If you would like to discuss CEREC, Invisalign orthodontia, Zoom Teeth Whitening, or any other cosmetic procedure, call 505-438-0756 for a free aesthetic dentistry consultation with Dr. Martin.

Bonding

Mind the Gap

If you have a gap in between two of your front teeth but you don’t want braces, or you have a minor chip you might be the perfect candidate for dental bonding.
Whether your teeth have been chipped, stained or cracked dental bonding can help. In fact, dental bonding procedures are used not only to repair physical damage, but also hereditary flaws and some structural damage that has been caused by decay.

Dental bonding creates a strong, durable surface that is indistinguishable from natural tooth enamel. It involves the use of composite resin that is specially designed so that it can be color-matched to each patient’s teeth to provide a completely natural-looking result.

As with most dental procedures, the more teeth a patient needs fixed, the longer the procedure will take, however minor dental bonding can usually be done in about an hour.

What is the procedure?

The procedure involves first applying an etching substance to the patient’s damaged teeth (when decay is involved the damaged area will need to be drilled out first). The etching substance creates grooves that allow for proper adhesion of the composite resin bonding agent.
Then the resin is applied to the teeth in layers. After each layer is applied it is hardened with a powerful, specially designed light. Once the appropriate number of resin layers has been applied and hardened the tooth can be sculpted and polished until a comfortable and aesthetically pleasing result is achieved.

Dental bonding looks and feels incredibly natural.

Air Abrasion

Treatment without anesthesia
Air Abrasion

The PrepAir offers the most conservative treatment without anesthesia. Treat at diagnosis, and treat multiple quadrants in one appointment. The PrepAir offers increase in productivity and patient comfort.

  • Cavity preparations for smaller composite restorations. Class I to VI.
  • Removal of composites, acrylic and other resin restoratives.
  • Pit and Fissure prep.
  • Conservative preparation of incipient lesions.
  • Endodontic access through porcelain crowns.
  • Etching metals, composites, acrylics and amalgam for maximum bond.
  • Etching porcelain where hydrofluoric acid use is not advisable.
  • Aggressive stain removal.
  • Enhancing bond to tooth structure. Acid etch after air abrasion has been shown to be superior to an acid etch alone.
  • Removal of discolored tooth structure due to amalgam and amalgam by products.

Sealants

Long Term Prevention
Sealants

A sealant is a thin, plastic coating applied to the chewing surface of molars, premolars and any deep grooves (called pits and fissures) of teeth. More than 75% of dental decay begins in these deep grooves. Teeth with these conditions are hard to clean and are very susceptible to decay. A sealant protects the tooth by sealing deep grooves, creating a smooth, easy to clean surface.

Sealants can protect teeth from decay for many years, but need to be checked for wear and chipping at regular dental visits.

Reasons for sealants:

  • Children and teenagers – As soon as the six-year molars (the first permanent back teeth) appear or any time throughout the cavity prone years of 6-16.
  • Adults – Tooth surfaces without decay that have deep grooves or depressions.
  • Baby teeth – Occasionally done if teeth have deep grooves or depressions and child is cavity prone.

What do sealants involve?

Sealants are easily applied by your dentist or dental hygienist and the process takes only a couple of minutes per tooth.

The teeth to be sealed are thoroughly cleaned and then surrounded with cotton to keep the area dry. A special solution is applied to the enamel surface to help the sealant bond to the teeth. The teeth are then rinsed and dried. Sealant material is carefully painted onto the enamel surface to cover the deep grooves or depressions. Depending on the type of sealant used, the material will either harden automatically or with a special curing light.

Proper home care, a balanced diet, and regular dental visits will aid in the life of your new sealants.

Root Canals/Endodontics

Save a tooth
Root Canals/Endodontics

Root canal therapy is needed when the nerve of a tooth is affected by decay or infection. In order to save the tooth, the pulp (the living tissue inside the tooth), nerves, bacteria, and any decay are removed and the resulting space is filled with special, medicated, dental materials, which restore the tooth to its full function.

Having a root canal done on a tooth is the treatment of choice to save a tooth that otherwise would die and have to be removed. Many patients believe that removing a tooth that has problems is the solution, but what is not realized is that extracting (pulling) a tooth will ultimately be more costly and cause significant problems for adjacent teeth.

Root canal treatment is highly successful and usually lasts a lifetime, although on occasion, a tooth will have to be retreated due to new infections.

Signs and symptoms for possible root canal therapy:

  • An abscess (or pimple) on the gums.
  • Sensitivity to hot and cold.
  • Severe toothache pain.
  • Sometimes no symptoms are present.
  • Swellingand/or tenderness.

Reasons for root canal therapy:

  • Decay has reached the tooth pulp (the living tissue inside the tooth).
  • Infection or abscess have developed inside the tooth or at the root tip.
  • Injury or trauma to the tooth.

What does root canal therapy involve?

A root canal procedure requires one or more appointments and can be performed by a dentist or endodontist (a root canal specialist).

While the tooth is numb, a rubber dam (a sheet of rubber) will be placed around the tooth to keep it dry and free of saliva. An access opening is made on top of the tooth and a series of root canal files are placed into the opening, one at a time, removing the pulp, nerve tissue, and bacteria. If tooth decay is present, it will also be removed with special dental instruments.

Once the tooth is thoroughly cleaned, it will be sealed with either a permanent filling or, if additional appointments are needed, a temporary filling will be placed.

At the next appointment, usually a week later, the roots and the inside cavity of the tooth will be filled and sealed with special dental materials. A filling will be placed to cover the opening on top of the tooth. In addition, all teeth that have root canal treatment should have a crown (cap) placed. This will protect the tooth and prevent it from breaking, and restore it to its full function.

After treatment, your tooth may still be sensitive, but this will subside as the inflammation diminishes and the tooth has healed.

You will be given care instructions after each appointment. Good oral hygiene practices and regular dental visits will aid in the life of your root canal treatment.

Mouth Guards/Night Guards

Protect Your Teeth!
Mouth Guards/Night Guards

There are two appropriate ways where a dental mouth guard can be properly used. One is to prevent injury to the teeth from participation in sporting events. The other is to prevent grinding of the teeth during sleep or even during the day which can lead to TMJ disorder. First, let’s take a look at how a mouth guard made by a dentist can be beneficial to athletes. While there are mouth guards you can purchase in sporting goods stores or even at your local pharmacy these may not provide the protection you need.

The store bought mouth guards come in small, medium, large or one size fits all. It is best to go with the one size fits all unless you are absolutely sure of your correct size. These guards are usually fitted to your mouth by first dipping the guard in very hot water until it becomes pliable, then placing it in your mouth and gently biting down. This creates an impression of your teeth and when the guard cools you’ve got a custom fit that may be used for sports or teeth grinding depending on the instructions on the package.

While this sounds like an economical and easy way to get the mouth protection you need, it may not always be the best way. If you are suffering from temporomandibular joint dysfunction a store bought guard may even make it worse, as the package may state. Also if you are in a high contact sport a store bought guard may not hold up as well as one crafted by the dentist and the fit may not be perfect. In both cases, it is probably better to see your dentist and have an appropriate guard made for you. It’s not too expensive and ensures you get the right mouth guard for your needs.

To get a dental mouth guard, the first thing you’ll need to do is schedule a consultation with your dentist. He or she will examine your mouth and give you an evaluation of your condition. If they see evidence of bruxism this will certainly be addressed and the right guard will be created. Even if you are going in for a sports guard the dentist can make sure the guard not only protects your teeth from impact but fits perfectly thanks to the state of the art methods they use to create these custom guards. After a mold of your mouth is taken, your guard will be created and your dentist will call you when it is ready to be picked up. They will also advise you of proper care and use.

Laser Cavity Detection

DIAGNOdent Pen
Laser Cavity Detection

The Cavity Detection laser allows much earlier detection of tooth decay than previously available. This allows tooth preservation through preventive dentistry.The detection system uses a laser to detect the invisible fluorescence in your enamel. This in-turn will help the dentist determine whether to monitor suspect areas over time, treat them with preventive dentistry, or restore them. The system allows much earlier detection of decay than previously possible.

In the past we’ve used magnification, x-rays, and cavity detecting solutions to diagnose tooth decay, but studies on extracted teeth show that early decay can still missed. This system allows us to detect decay much earlier than we could with any previous method, before it gets larger or painful.

Fluoride Treatment

Prevent tooth decay
Fluoride Treatment

Fluoride is the most effective agent available to help prevent tooth decay. It is a mineral that is naturally present in varying amounts in almost all foods and water supplies. The benefits of fluoride have been well known for over 50 years and are supported by many health and professional organizations.

Fluoride works in two ways:

  • Topical fluoride strengthens the teeth once they have erupted by seeping into the outer surface of the tooth enamel, making the teeth more resistant to decay. We gain topical fluoride by using fluoride containing dental products such as toothpaste, mouth rinses, and gels. Dentists and dental hygienists generally recommend that children have a professional application of fluoride twice a year during dental check-ups.
  • Systemic fluoride strengthens the teeth that have erupted as well as those that are developing under the gums. We gain systemic fluoride from most foods and our community water supplies. It is also available as a supplement in drop or gel form and can be prescribed by your dentist or physician. Generally, fluoride drops are recommended for infants, and tablets are best suited for children up through the teen years. It is very important to monitor the amounts of fluoride a child ingests. If too much fluoride is consumed while the teeth are developing, a condition called fluorosis (white spots on the teeth) may result.

Although most people receive fluoride from food and water, sometimes it is not enough to help prevent decay. Your dentist or dental hygienist may recommend the use of home and/or professional fluoride treatments for the following reasons:

  • Deep pits and fissures on the chewing surfaces of teeth.
  • Exposed and sensitive root surfaces.
  • Fair to poor oral hygiene habits.
  • Frequent sugar and carbohydrate intake.
  • Inadequate exposure to fluorides.
  • Inadequate saliva flow due to medical conditions, medical treatments or medications.
  • Recent history of dental decay.

Remember, fluoride alone will not prevent tooth decay! It is important to brush at least twice a day, floss regularly, eat balanced meals, reduce sugary snacks, and visit your dentist on a regular basis.

Extractions

Wisdom Teeth and more.
Extractions

One of the fears associated with going to the dentist is that the dentist will end up pulling one or more teeth. This fear often will prevent us from going to the dentist for our regular check ups and cleanings necessary for good oral hygiene. The truth is that dental extractions are just another part of good oral hygiene and are quite uncommon compared to the number of simple examinations that we should be exposed to. Let’s look at some of the reasons and procedures involved in dental extractions and oral surgery.

Why dental extractions?

There are basically two reasons why your dentist might decide that you have a tooth, or several teeth, pulled. A tooth extraction might be necessary when a tooth is damaged beyond practical repair. Teeth that are not well positioned or nonfunctional may also need to be extracted.

Broken, cracked, or extensively decayed teeth should probably be extracted. The conditions that warrant extraction are usually so extreme that regular reconstructive work (i.e. fillings, crowns, etc.) will not be effective. There are several other factors that can play into the decision of pulling a tooth such as long-term treatment and cost of repair.

Sometimes extraction is easier and more cost effective than reconstruction.

Some teeth require treatment of the nerve space between teeth. This procedure, called a root canal, can be complicated by damaged teeth, as indicated before. If a tooth’s roots and nerves are damaged beyond the repair capabilities of the root canal, then extraction may be required.

Severe damage to the gums may also necessitate dental extraction. Advanced periodontal disease (or gum disease) is cause by the improper care of teeth. As gum disease gets worse, the tooth loses the support of the surrounding bone and becomes loose. The gums can no longer hold it in place. In cases where the bone and/or tooth have become excessively damaged, extraction of the tooth is necessary.

Sometimes the extraction of healthy teeth is required for good oral hygiene. Some teeth that are badly positioned to the point of pain and irritation may need to be extracted simply to alleviate the pain and to prevent further misalignment of more teeth.

The wisdom teeth often fall into this category. The wisdom teeth are at the far rear of the mouth and are difficult to clean. Improper cleaning of the teeth can lead to cavities, tooth decay and periodontal disease. Often, it is simply easier to extract the wisdom teeth as a preventative measure against future problems.

Many times, the wisdom teeth are “impacted” which means that they are in such misalignment that they cannot emerge from the gums in proper or even effective alignment. In some cases, they may even push against other teeth causing the entire mouth to become misaligned. Extracting impacted wisdom teeth can help keep all the teeth in proper alignment.

Often, when orthodontic treatment is required, some teeth, including the wisdom teeth, may need to be extracted to improve the alignment of the teeth. When the size or number of a person’s teeth is not in proportion to a person’s jaw, the strategic extraction of some teeth may be necessary.

How are dental extractions done?

Only your dentist can decide if an extraction is necessary. During a routine visit, he/she may decide that an extraction of one or more teeth is needed. He/She may also need to perform and x-ray examination to further evaluate the need for extraction. The dentist might perform the extraction himself/herself or may even refer you to an oral surgeon.

The roots of your teeth are encased in your jawbone itself and held in place by ligaments under the gums. The tooth cannot be simply “pulled.” It needs to be rocked back and forth and rotated in order for the tooth to become worked out of its protection of the jawbone and removed. Naturally, most dentist and oral surgeons anesthetize the patient before undergoing an extraction.

When undergoing an extraction with a “local” anesthetic, you might feel some pressure, but no pain during the procedure. The dentist simply needs to work that tooth loose before it can be removed. If at any time you feel pain during the procedure, tell your dentist and more anesthetic can be administered.

Sometimes a tooth is so firmly anchored in place that it will need to be removed by sections. Sectioning the teeth for extraction is quite commonplace and your dentist should let you know beforehand if this procedure is required. There are no additional considerations or complications associated with sectional extraction.

Naturally, there will be blood when a tooth is extracted. In most cases, the blood can be controlled by placing moist, clean gauze over the extraction site and applying gentle but firm pressure.

The blood needs to clot in the extraction site. Like a scab, this blood clot protects the wound and helps it to heal quickly. You should avoid rigorous rinsing and spitting during the first twenty-four hours after an extraction to ensure the blood clot remains in place. Also, hot liquids tend to dissolve the blood clots, so avoid hot coffee or soup.

Swelling and pain are natural after an extraction and should be expected. These can be alleviated though regular pain medications and through prescriptions your dentist might give you. Your doctor might also give you some antibiotics to take to prevent infections. The pain and swelling should subsist in a couple of days. If the pain continues or if swelling or bleeding becomes excessive, contact your dentist.

A soft food or even liquid diet might be required for the first twenty-four hours following an extraction. You may also want to avoid cleaning the extraction site with a toothbrush and dental floss for a few days following an extraction allowing it to heal completely.

Remember, dental extractions are common and often necessary to maintain good oral hygiene. Review this guide before an extraction and be sure consult with your dentist to get all your questions answered to ease the procedure. Know what to expect before, during and after to minimize the inconvenience to you.

Digital X-rays

Instead of x-ray
Digital X-rays

Digital radiography (digital x-ray) is the latest technology used to take dental x-rays. This technique uses an electronic sensor (instead of x-ray film) that captures and stores the digital image on a computer. This image can be instantly viewed and enlarged helping the dentist and dental hygienist detect problems easier. Digital x-rays reduce radiation 80-90% compared to the already low exposure of traditional dental x-rays.

Dental x-rays are essential, preventative, diagnostic tools that provide valuable information not visible during a regular dental exam. Dentists and dental hygienists use this information to safely and accurately detect hidden dental abnormalities and complete an accurate treatment plan. Without x-rays, problem areas may go undetected.

Dental x-rays may reveal:

  • Abscesses or cysts.
  • Bone loss.
  • Cancerous and non-cancerous tumors.
  • Decay between the teeth.
  • Developmental abnormalities.
  • Poor tooth and root positions.
  • Problems inside a tooth or below the gum line.

Detecting and treating dental problems at an early stage may save you time, money, unnecessary discomfort, and your teeth!

Are dental x-rays safe?

We are all exposed to natural radiation in our environment. Digital x-rays produce a significantly lower level of radiation compared to traditional dental x-rays. Not only are digital x-rays better for the health and safety of the patient, they are faster and more comfortable to take, which reduces your time in the dental office. Also, since the digital image is captured electronically, there is no need to develop the x-rays, thus eliminating the disposal of harmful waste and chemicals into the environment.

Even though digital x-rays produce a low level of radiation and are considered very safe, dentists still take necessary precautions to limit the patient’s exposure to radiation. These precautions include only taking those x-rays that are necessary, and using lead apron shields to protect the body.

How often should dental x-rays be taken?

The need for dental x-rays depends on each patient’s individual dental health needs. Your dentist and dental hygienist will recommend necessary x-rays based upon the review of your medical and dental history, a dental exam, signs and symptoms, your age, and risk of disease.

A full mouth series of dental x-rays is recommended for new patients. A full series is usually good for three to five years. Bite-wing x-rays (x-rays of top and bottom teeth biting together) are taken at recall (check-up) visits and are recommended once or twice a year to detect new dental problems.

Dental Cleanings

Regular check-ups
Dental Cleanings

A comprehensive dental exam will be performed by your dentist at your initial dental visit. At regular check-up exams, your dentist and hygienist will include the following:

Examination of diagnostic x-rays (radiographs): Essential for detection of decay, tumors, cysts, and bone loss. X-rays also help determine tooth and root positions.

Oral cancer screening: Check the face, neck, lips, tongue, throat, tissues, and gums for any signs of oral cancer.

Gum disease evaluation: Check the gums and bone around the teeth for any signs of periodontal disease.

Examination of tooth decay: All tooth surfaces will be checked for decay with special dental instruments.

Examination of existing restorations: Check current fillings, crowns, etc.

Professional Dental Cleaning

Professional dental cleanings (dental prophylaxis) are usually performed by Registered Dental Hygienists. Your cleaning appointment will include a dental exam and the following:

Removal of calculus (tartar): Calculus is hardened plaque that has been left on the tooth for some time and is now firmly attached to the tooth surface. Calculus forms above and below the gum line and can only be removed with special dental instruments.

Removal of plaque: Plaque is a sticky, almost invisible film that forms on the teeth. It is a growing colony of living bacteria, food debris, and saliva. The bacteria produce toxins (poisons) that inflame the gums. This inflammation is the start of periodontal disease!

Teeth polishing: Remove stain and plaque that is not otherwise removed during tooth brushing and scaling.

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